TREATING A SPRAINED ANKLE
Abstract
Treatment of ankle sprains is based on the severity such as grade I, II and III. Ankle sprain is an overstretching or tearing of one or more ankle ligaments when a person stumbles and the foot bend, resulting in injury to the ligaments.
Keywords
Ankle sprain, Anterior Talofibular ligament, Edema, RICE
Introduction
Ankle sprain is an overstretching or tearing of one or more ankle ligaments when a person stumbles and the foot bend, resulting in injury to the ligaments. Ankle joint is surrounded by 3 groups of ligaments, such as lateral (Anterior Talofibular ligament (ATFL),Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)), posterior (posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)) and medial (deltoid) ligament complex) complex. Treatment of ankle sprains is based on the severity such as grade I, II and III.1,2
Treatment of Ankle Injury
Treatment of Grade I Ankle Injury
Treatment of Grade I Ankle Injury is includes the rest, ice (Cryotherapy), compression and elevation and medications.
Immobilization and Rest
Rest or immobilization is important to reduce the metabolic burden of the injured tissue and thus avoid increased blood circulation and prevent the further tissue damage in the joint by restrictive movement, and thereby, declining pain and swelling. It may help in improving recovery time, decreasing functional impairment, and in reducing pain.
Crushed ice (Cryotherapy)
Crushed ice in a plastic bag may be applied to the affected area is limit the injury-induced damage by dropping the temperature of the tissues and inducing vasoconstriction (Narrowing of the blood vessels), and limiting the bleeding. Affected area should be cooled for nearly twenty minutes every 2 to 3 hours for the initial 48 hours.
Compression
Compression is applied to the affected area by the use of bandage or tapping to limit the amount of edema (swelling) caused by the exudation of fluid from the damaged capillaries and retain into the tissue. Compression reduces the swelling and exudation of the fluid.
Elevation
Elevation of the affected part reduces the pressure in blood vessels of injured area and helps to limit the blood loss. Elevation of the affected part increases the drainage of the inflammatory exudates through the lymphatic system, reducing and limiting the swelling.3,4,5
Medications
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are used in the treatment of ligament Injuries.
Treatment of Grade II Ankle Injury
They include includes rest, ice (Cryotherapy), compression and elevation and medications same as grade I and exercise.
Exercises
Various exercises is used in the management of grade 2 sprains such as ABC’s Exercise, Towel Curls and stretching exercises (Towel and Standing Stretch).
Treatment of Grade III Ankle Injury
Treatment of grade III Ankle Injury is including the rest, ice (Cryotherapy), compression, elevation, medications, exercise and surgery.
Surgery
Various surgical methods are used in the treatment of severe lateral ankle instability.The surgical methods may be denoted as anatomical or nonanatomical.6,7,8
Conclusion
Treatment of ankle sprains is based on the severity of injury and their grade such as I, II and III.
References
1.Joshua C.et al. Lateral and syndesmotic ankle sprain injuries:a narrative literature review. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine (2011) 10, 204–219.
2.Wolfe Michael W, UHL Tim L., Mattacola Carl G, Mccluskey Leland C, Management of Ankle Sprains. American Family Physician, January 1, 2001 / Volume 63, Number 1.
3.Seah Richard, and Mani-Babu Sivanadian. Managing ankle sprains in primary care: what is best practice? A systematic review of the last 10 years of evidence. British Medical Bulletin 2011; 97: 105–135.
4.Hauser R.A, Dolan E.E, Phillips H.J, Newlin A.C, Moore R.E. and Woldin B.A. Ligament Injury and Healing: A Review of Current Clinical Diagnostics and Therapeutics. The Open Rehabilitation Journal, 2013, 6, 1-20.
5.Kerr KM, Daley L, Booth L, Stark J. PRICE guidelines: guidelines for the management of soft tissue (musculoskeletal) injury with protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation (PRICE) during the first 72 hours (ACPSM). ACPOM. 1998;6:10–11.
6.Bekerom Michel P.J. van den, Struijs Peter A.A, Blankevoort Leendert, Welling Lieke, C. van Dijk Niek, Kerkhoffs Gino M.M.J. What Is the Evidence for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation Therapy in the Treatment of Ankle Sprains in Adults?. Journal of Athletic Training 2012;47(4):435–443.
7.Gino M Kerkhoffs et al. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: an evidence-based clinical guideline. Br J Sports Med 2012; 46:854–860.
8.Rensburg Christa Janse Van. Approach to and Management of Acute Ankle Ligamentous Injuries. CME March 2004 Vol.22 No.3.
9.Standard of Care: Ankle Sprain. Brigham and Women’s Hospital Department of Rehabilitation Services.
Abstract
Treatment of ankle sprains is based on the severity such as grade I, II and III. Ankle sprain is an overstretching or tearing of one or more ankle ligaments when a person stumbles and the foot bend, resulting in injury to the ligaments.
Keywords
Ankle sprain, Anterior Talofibular ligament, Edema, RICE
Introduction
Ankle sprain is an overstretching or tearing of one or more ankle ligaments when a person stumbles and the foot bend, resulting in injury to the ligaments. Ankle joint is surrounded by 3 groups of ligaments, such as lateral (Anterior Talofibular ligament (ATFL),Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)), posterior (posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)) and medial (deltoid) ligament complex) complex. Treatment of ankle sprains is based on the severity such as grade I, II and III.1,2
Treatment of Ankle Injury
Treatment of Grade I Ankle Injury
Treatment of Grade I Ankle Injury is includes the rest, ice (Cryotherapy), compression and elevation and medications.
Immobilization and Rest
Rest or immobilization is important to reduce the metabolic burden of the injured tissue and thus avoid increased blood circulation and prevent the further tissue damage in the joint by restrictive movement, and thereby, declining pain and swelling. It may help in improving recovery time, decreasing functional impairment, and in reducing pain.
Crushed ice (Cryotherapy)
Crushed ice in a plastic bag may be applied to the affected area is limit the injury-induced damage by dropping the temperature of the tissues and inducing vasoconstriction (Narrowing of the blood vessels), and limiting the bleeding. Affected area should be cooled for nearly twenty minutes every 2 to 3 hours for the initial 48 hours.
Compression
Compression is applied to the affected area by the use of bandage or tapping to limit the amount of edema (swelling) caused by the exudation of fluid from the damaged capillaries and retain into the tissue. Compression reduces the swelling and exudation of the fluid.
Elevation
Elevation of the affected part reduces the pressure in blood vessels of injured area and helps to limit the blood loss. Elevation of the affected part increases the drainage of the inflammatory exudates through the lymphatic system, reducing and limiting the swelling.3,4,5
Medications
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are used in the treatment of ligament Injuries.
Treatment of Grade II Ankle Injury
They include includes rest, ice (Cryotherapy), compression and elevation and medications same as grade I and exercise.
Exercises
Various exercises is used in the management of grade 2 sprains such as ABC’s Exercise, Towel Curls and stretching exercises (Towel and Standing Stretch).
Treatment of Grade III Ankle Injury
Treatment of grade III Ankle Injury is including the rest, ice (Cryotherapy), compression, elevation, medications, exercise and surgery.
Surgery
Various surgical methods are used in the treatment of severe lateral ankle instability.The surgical methods may be denoted as anatomical or nonanatomical.6,7,8
Conclusion
Treatment of ankle sprains is based on the severity of injury and their grade such as I, II and III.
References
1.Joshua C.et al. Lateral and syndesmotic ankle sprain injuries:a narrative literature review. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine (2011) 10, 204–219.
2.Wolfe Michael W, UHL Tim L., Mattacola Carl G, Mccluskey Leland C, Management of Ankle Sprains. American Family Physician, January 1, 2001 / Volume 63, Number 1.
3.Seah Richard, and Mani-Babu Sivanadian. Managing ankle sprains in primary care: what is best practice? A systematic review of the last 10 years of evidence. British Medical Bulletin 2011; 97: 105–135.
4.Hauser R.A, Dolan E.E, Phillips H.J, Newlin A.C, Moore R.E. and Woldin B.A. Ligament Injury and Healing: A Review of Current Clinical Diagnostics and Therapeutics. The Open Rehabilitation Journal, 2013, 6, 1-20.
5.Kerr KM, Daley L, Booth L, Stark J. PRICE guidelines: guidelines for the management of soft tissue (musculoskeletal) injury with protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation (PRICE) during the first 72 hours (ACPSM). ACPOM. 1998;6:10–11.
6.Bekerom Michel P.J. van den, Struijs Peter A.A, Blankevoort Leendert, Welling Lieke, C. van Dijk Niek, Kerkhoffs Gino M.M.J. What Is the Evidence for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation Therapy in the Treatment of Ankle Sprains in Adults?. Journal of Athletic Training 2012;47(4):435–443.
7.Gino M Kerkhoffs et al. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: an evidence-based clinical guideline. Br J Sports Med 2012; 46:854–860.
8.Rensburg Christa Janse Van. Approach to and Management of Acute Ankle Ligamentous Injuries. CME March 2004 Vol.22 No.3.
9.Standard of Care: Ankle Sprain. Brigham and Women’s Hospital Department of Rehabilitation Services.
